UV radiation from the sun is a primary cause of premature skin aging and skin damage. Consistent sun protection is the most important step in any skincare routine.
UV Radiation Types
- • UVA rays: Penetrate deeply, contribute to aging and skin damage. Present year-round, even through clouds and windows.
- • UVB rays: Primary cause of sunburn. Intensity varies by season and time of day.
SPF (Sun Protection Factor)
SPF measures protection against UVB rays. The number indicates how much longer you can stay in the sun before burning compared to unprotected skin.
Dermatologists recommend SPF 30 or higher for daily use.
Broad Spectrum
"Broad spectrum" means the product protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Always choose broad-spectrum sunscreens for comprehensive protection.
Physical (Mineral) Sunscreens
Contain zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. Sit on skin surface and reflect UV rays.
- ✓ Work immediately upon application
- ✓ Less likely to cause irritation
- ✓ Good for sensitive skin
- − May leave white cast (improving with newer formulations)
- − Can feel heavier on skin
Chemical Sunscreens
Contain organic compounds that absorb UV rays and convert them to heat.
- ✓ Typically more cosmetically elegant
- ✓ Lighter texture, no white cast
- ✓ Easy to layer under makeup
- − May cause sensitivity in some people
- − Requires 15-20 minutes to become effective
Both types are effective when used correctly. Choose based on personal preference and skin sensitivity.
Amount
Most people don't apply enough sunscreen. For the face and neck, use approximately:
- • 1/4 teaspoon for face
- • Additional 1/4 teaspoon for neck and ears
- • About 1 ounce (shot glass full) for entire body
Timing
- • Apply as the last step in your morning routine
- • Chemical sunscreens: Apply 15-20 minutes before sun exposure
- • Physical sunscreens: Effective immediately
Reapplication
This is the most commonly missed step:
- • Reapply every 2 hours when exposed to sun
- • Reapply immediately after swimming or heavy sweating
- • Indoor workers may not need to reapply if not near windows
- • Consider SPF setting sprays or powder for over-makeup reapplication
- Seek Shade:Especially during peak hours (10am-4pm)
- Protective Clothing:Wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, UV-protective fabrics
- Sunglasses:UV-blocking sunglasses to protect eyes and surrounding skin
- Year-Round:UV rays penetrate clouds; wear SPF daily regardless of weather
- Windows:UVA rays penetrate glass; consider SPF even indoors near windows
- Car Protection:Apply sunscreen before driving; side windows don't block all UV
FDA Compliance Note: Sunscreens in the US are regulated as over-the-counter drugs by the FDA. Look for products that meet FDA monograph requirements for safety and efficacy.