Acne occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This can lead to various types of blemishes, including whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, and cysts.
Contributing Factors
- • Excess sebum production
- • Accumulation of dead skin cells
- • Bacterial presence (C. acnes)
- • Inflammation
- • Hormonal fluctuations
- • Certain medications or products
Salicylic Acid (BHA)
A beta-hydroxy acid that helps exfoliate inside pores. May help reduce the appearance of blemishes and support clearer-looking skin. Typical concentration: 0.5-2%.
Benzoyl Peroxide
Helps reduce acne-causing bacteria and excess oil. Available in various strengths (2.5-10%). Start with lower concentrations to minimize irritation.
Niacinamide
A form of vitamin B3 that may help regulate sebum production and support the skin barrier. Generally well-tolerated at 2-5% concentration.
Retinoids
Help promote cell turnover and may prevent clogged pores. Available in prescription and over-the-counter forms. Requires sun protection.
Azelaic Acid
May help with both active blemishes and post-acne marks. Generally well-tolerated with anti-inflammatory properties.
Morning
- Gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser
- Treatment product (if prescribed/recommended for AM use)
- Lightweight, oil-free moisturizer
- Broad-spectrum SPF 30+ (non-comedogenic)
Evening
- Gentle cleanser (double cleanse if wearing makeup/sunscreen)
- Treatment product (BHA, retinoid, or benzoyl peroxide)
- Lightweight moisturizer to support skin barrier
- Cleansing:Wash face twice daily, especially after sweating. Avoid over-cleansing which can disrupt the skin barrier.
- Products:Look for "non-comedogenic" labels. Introduce new products gradually.
- Hands Off:Avoid touching face unnecessarily. Do not pick or squeeze blemishes.
- Hair Products:Keep hair products away from face. Wash hair regularly if oily.
- Clean Tools:Regularly clean makeup brushes, pillowcases, and phone screens.
- Stress:Manage stress through healthy coping mechanisms when possible.
Important: Persistent or severe acne should be evaluated by a dermatologist. Prescription treatments may be necessary for optimal management. This information is educational and not a substitute for professional medical advice.